An IT enterprise is recommending the use of PKI applications to securely exchange information between the employees. In which two cases might an organization use PKI applications to securely exchange information between users? (Choose two.)

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) applications are used to secure communications through the use of certificates for encryption and identity verification. An organization might use PKI applications to securely exchange information between users in the following two cases:

1. HTTPS web service: PKI is used to issue SSL/TLS certificates which are fundamental to the HTTPS protocol. These certificates encrypt the data transmitted between the web server and the client, ensuring the secure exchange of information.
2. 802.1x authentication: PKI can be used in the context of 802.1x authentication to establish a network access control protocol. Here, certificates are used to authenticate devices before they are allowed to connect to a network, ensuring that only authorized users can access network resources.

The other options, such as file and directory access permission, FTP transfers, and a local NTP server, can utilize PKI for securing communications, but they are not as directly associated with PKI as HTTPS services and 802.1x authentication. File permissions are typically managed by operating system controls rather than PKI, FTP does not inherently use PKI for encryption (though FTP over SSL, known as FTPS, can), and NTP servers typically use other means for securing time synchronization, although PKI could be used for server authentication.