Cybersecurity Essentials 1.13 Chapter 5 Quiz Answers Full 100% 2023 2024

Cybersecurity Essentials 1.13 – Chapter 5: The Art of Ensuring Integrity Quiz Answers Full 100% 2023 2024 

1. What is a strength of using a hashing function?

   • It is a one-way function and not reversible.
   • It is not commonly used in security.
   • Two different files can be created that have the same output.
   • It has a variable length output.
   • It can take only a fixed length message.
     

     Explanation: Understanding the properties of a hash function shows its applicability such as one-way function, arbitrary input length, and fixed output.

2. A user is instructed by a boss to find a better method to secure passwords in transit. The user has researched several means to do so and has settled on using HMAC. What are the key elements needed to implement HMAC?

   • secret key and message digest
   • symmetric key and asymmetric key
   • IPsec and checksum
   • message digest and asymmetric key
     

     Explanation: HMAC implementation is a secret key added to a hash.​

3. Which method tries all possible passwords until a match is found?

   • rainbow tables
   • brute force
   • cloud
   • cryptographic
   • birthday
   • dictionary
     

     Explanation: Two common methods of cracking hashes are dictionary and brute force. Given time, the brute force method will always crack a password.

4. An investigator finds a USB drive at a crime scene and wants to present it as evidence in court. The investigator takes the USB drive and creates a forensic image of it and takes a hash of both the original USB device and the image that was created. What is the investigator attempting to prove about the USB drive when the evidence is submitted in court?

   • The data in the image is an exact copy and nothing has been altered by the process.
   • An exact copy cannot be made of a device.
   • The investigator found a USB drive and was able to make a copy of it.
   • The data is all there.
     

     Explanation: A hash function ensures the integrity of a program, file, or device.

5. What are three type of attacks that are preventable through the use of salting? (Choose three.)

   • lookup tables
   • phishing
   • reverse lookup tables
   • rainbow tables
   • guessing
   • social engineering
   • shoulder surfing
     

     Explanation: Salting makes precomputed tables ineffective because of the random string that is used.

6. A user has been asked to implement IPsec for inbound external connections. The user plans to use SHA-1 as part of the implementation. The user wants to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the connection. What security tool can the user use?

   • ISAKMP
   • MD5
   • HMAC
   • SHA256
     

     Explanation: HMAC provides the additional feature of a secret key to ensure integrity and authentication.​

7. A user downloads an updated driver for a video card from a website. A warning message pops up saying the driver is not approved. What does this piece of software lack?

   • code recognition
   • digital signature
   • source code
   • valid ID
     

     Explanation: Code signing is a method of verifying code integrity

8. What is the purpose of CSPRNG?

   • to prevent a computer from being a zombie
   • to secure a web site
   • to process hash lookups
   • to generate salt
     

     Explanation: Salting prevents someone from using a dictionary attack to guess a password. Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator (CSPRNG) is one way (and the best way) to generate salt.

9. A user has created a new program and wants to distribute it to everyone in the company. The user wants to ensure that when the program is downloaded that the program is not changed while in transit. What can the user do to ensure that the program is not changed when downloaded?

   • Turn off antivirus on all the computers.
   • Encrypt the program and require a password after it is downloaded.
   • Install the program on individual computers.
   • Create a hash of the program file that can be used to verify the integrity of the file after it is downloaded.
   • Distribute the program on a thumb drive.
     

     Explanation: Hashing is a method to ensure integrity and ensures that the data is not changed.

10. A recent email sent throughout the company stated that there would be a change in security policy. The security officer who was presumed to have sent the message stated the message was not sent from the security office and the company may be a victim of a spoofed email. What could have been added to the message to ensure the message actually came from the person?

    • hashing
    • digital signature
    • non-repudiation
    • asymmetric key
      

      Explanation: Digital signatures ensures non-repudiation or the ability not to deny that a specific person sent a message.

11. A recent breach at a company was traced to the ability of a hacker to access the corporate database through the company website by using malformed data in the login form. What is the problem with the company website?

    • lack of operating system patching
    • poor input validation
    • bad usernames
    • weak encryption
      

      Explanation: The ability to pass malformed data through a website is a form of poor input validation.

12. What are three validation criteria used for a validation rule? (Choose three.)

    • encryption
    • type
    • range
    • size
    • key
    • format
      

      Explanation: Criteria used in a validation rule include format, consistency, range, and check digit.

13. A user is connecting to an e-commerce server to buy some widgets for a company. The user connects to the site and notices there is no lock in the browser security status bar. The site does prompt for a username and password and the user is able to log in. What is the danger in proceeding with this transaction?

    • The user is using the wrong browser to perform the transaction.
    • The site is not using a digital certificate to secure the transaction, with the result that everything is in the clear.
    • The certificate from the site has expired, but is still secure.
    • Ad blocker software is preventing the security bar from working properly, and thus there is no danger with the transaction.
      

      Explanation: The lock in the browser window ensures a secure connection is being established and is not blocked by browser add-ons​.

14. Identify three situations in which the hashing function can be applied. (Choose three.)

    • PKI
    • IPsec
    • CHAP
    • DES
    • PPoE
    • WPA
      

      Explanation: Three situations where a hash function could be used are as follows: When IPsec is being used When routing authentication is enabled In challenge responses within protocols such as PPP CHAP Within digitally signed contracts and PKI certificates

15. What is the standard for a public key infrastructure to manage digital certificates?

    • x.509
    • PKI
    • NIST-SP800
    • x.503
      

      Explanation: The x.509 standard is for a PKI infrastructure and x.500 if for directory structures.​

16. A user is evaluating the security infrastructure of a company and notices that some authentication systems are not using best practices when it comes to storing passwords. The user is able to crack passwords very fast and access sensitive data. The user wants to present a recommendation to the company on the proper implementation of salting to avoid password cracking techniques. What are three best practices in implementing salting? (Choose three.)

    • Salts should be short.
    • The same salt should be used for each password.
    • A salt should not be reused.
    • A salt must be unique.
    • Salts are not an effective best practice.
    • A salt should be unique for each password.
      

      Explanation: Salting needs to be unique and not reused. Doing the opposite will cause passwords to be cracked easily.

17. A user is the database administrator for a company. The user has been asked to implement an integrity rule that states every table ​must have a primary key and that the column or columns chosen to be the primary key must be unique and not null. Which integrity requirement is the user implementing?

    • referential integrity
    • domain integrity
    • anomaly integrity
    • entity integrity
      

      Explanation: There are three major database integrity requirements: entity, referential, and domain integrity.

18. What are three NIST-approved digital signature algorithms? (Choose three.)

    • ECDSA
    • RSA
    • SHA256
    • MD5
    • DSA
    • SHA1
      

      Explanation: NIST chooses approved algorithms based on public key techniques and ECC. The digital signature algorithms approved are DSA, RSA, and ECDSA.

19. Alice and Bob use the same password to login into the company network. This means both would have the exact same hash for their passwords. What could be implemented to prevent both password hashes from being the same?

    • RSA
    • peppering
    • salting
    • pseudo-random generator
      

      Explanation: A password is stored as a combination of both a hash and a salt.

20. What is the step by step process for creating a digital signature?

    • Create a SHA-1 hash; encrypt the hash with the private key of the sender; and bundle the message, encrypted hash, and public key together to signed document.
    • Create a message digest; encrypt the digest with the private key of the sender; and bundle the message, encrypted digest, and public key together in order to sign the document.
    • Create a message; encrypt the message with a MD5 hash; and send the bundle with a public key.
    • Create a message digest; encrypt the digest with the public key of the sender; and bundle the message, encrypted digest, and public key together to sign the document.
      

      Explanation: In order to create a digital signature, the following steps must be taken: The message and message digest are created. The digest and private key are encrypted. The message, encrypted message digest, and public key are bundled to create the signed document.