Explanation & Hint:
- Tools such as OSSEC, Bro, and syslog-ng produce flat files with one log entry per line and are largely dedicated to collecting and producing raw NSM data. These tools are designed to collect and log data, typically in a flat file format with one entry per line. OSSEC is a Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS), Bro (now known as Zeek) is an analysis-driven Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS), and syslog-ng is a centralized Syslog collector used for logging.
- Alert data must also include the metadata that is associated with the IPS alert. This statement is a general principle in network security monitoring. Alert data from an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) would be more meaningful and actionable if it includes metadata such as timestamps, source/destination IP addresses, ports, protocol type, and the specific rule that was triggered. This metadata is crucial for an accurate analysis and response to the alert.
The other statements provided are not accurate based on the provided figure:
- The statement regarding PCAP, Sguil, and ELSA DB producing flat files is incorrect because PCAP files are binary files containing the raw packet data, not flat files with one log entry per line.
- The statement that Sguil DB and ELSA are associated with optimizing and maintaining is partially correct, as they are databases associated with storing, querying, and analyzing NSM data, but the term “optimizing” is vague and does not clearly describe the role of these components.
- The tools in the top row (Wireshark, Sguil, CapME!, and ELSA) are associated with different stages of data analysis and visualization, not just optimizing and maintaining the data. Wireshark is for PCAP decode and analysis, Sguil provides enhanced alert analysis, CapME! is used for individual stream PCAP analysis, and ELSA serves as a web front-end for log search and archive.
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