Which of the following sets has the owner permissions highlighted?

Which of the following sets has the owner permissions highlighted?

• rw-rw-r-- is the correct answer
• rw-rw-r--
• rw-rw-r--
• rw-rw-r--

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Linux Unhatched Assignments Assessment Exam Answers

The correct answer is:

rw-rw-r--

Explanation:

The file permissions in Unix/Linux systems are expressed using a string of 10 characters, such as rw-rw-r--. Each part of this string represents specific information about the file or directory and its permissions.

Breakdown of rw-rw-r--:

1. First character: Indicates the file type.
   • - = Regular file.
   • d = Directory.
   • l = Symbolic link.
   • Other characters (b, c, etc.) indicate other special file types.

   In this case, the first character is -, meaning it is a regular file.

2. Next 9 characters: Represent permissions in three groups of three:
   • Group 1 (Owner): The first three characters (rw-) show the permissions for the file owner.
   • Group 2 (Group): The second three characters (rw-) show the permissions for the group.
   • Group 3 (Others): The last three characters (r--) show the permissions for others (everyone else).

Owner Permissions (Highlighted Here)

• The first three characters (rw-) represent the owner’s permissions:
  • r = Read permission: The owner can read the file.
  • w = Write permission: The owner can modify the file.
  • - = No execute permission: The owner cannot execute this file as a program.

Group Permissions

• The second group of three characters (rw-) represents the group’s permissions:
  • r = Read permission: Group members can read the file.
  • w = Write permission: Group members can modify the file.
  • - = No execute permission: Group members cannot execute this file as a program.

Other Permissions

• The third group of three characters (r--) represents the permissions for others:
  • r = Read permission: Others can read the file.
  • - = No write or execute permission: Others cannot modify or execute the file.

Why rw-rw-r-- Highlights Owner Permissions?

The first group of three characters (rw-) specifically indicates the owner’s permissions. These permissions control what the file owner can do with the file. In this case:

• r means the owner can read the file.
• w means the owner can write (modify) the file.
• - means the owner cannot execute the file.

Other groups (group and others) are not relevant to the owner’s permissions, which makes rw-rw-r-- the correct answer for highlighting the owner permissions.

How to View or Set Permissions

1. Viewing Permissions: Use the ls -l command to list files with their permissions. For example:

   ls -l file1.txt
   

   Output:

   -rw-rw-r-- 1 user group 1234 Nov 28 15:00 file1.txt
   

   Here:

   • rw-rw-r-- shows the permissions.
   • user is the file owner.
   • group is the group associated with the file.
2. Changing Permissions: Use the chmod command to change file permissions:
   • Grant execute permission to the owner:

     chmod u+x file1.txt
     

   • Remove write permission for the group:

     chmod g-w file1.txt
     

Practical Examples

1. If a file has permissions rw-r--r--:
   • The owner can read and write.
   • Group members can only read.
   • Others can only read.
2. If a file has permissions rwx------:
   • The owner has full permissions (read, write, execute).
   • Group and others have no permissions.
3. To give all users full permissions:

   chmod 777 file1.txt
   

   Resulting permissions:

   rwxrwxrwx


Summary:

The owner permissions are always the first three characters in the permissions string. In rw-rw-r--, the owner’s permissions are rw-, which allow reading and writing but not executing. This makes rw-rw-r-- the correct answer when highlighting owner permissions.