| Explanation & Hint:
The top layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite, commonly known as the application layer, is where protocols that facilitate user applications and end-to-end communications operate. The two protocols from your list that operate at this layer are:
- POP (Post Office Protocol) – This is an application layer protocol used by local email clients to retrieve emails from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.
- DNS (Domain Name System) – This is also an application layer protocol that translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into machine-readable IP addresses.
The other protocols listed operate at different layers of the TCP/IP model:
- IP (Internet Protocol) – Operates at the internet layer and is responsible for routing packets across network boundaries.
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) – Both operate at the transport layer and are responsible for delivering data to the correct application protocols.
- Ethernet – Operates at the link layer and is responsible for the transmission of data frames over a physical medium.
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