312-50 : CEH Certified Ethical Hacker (312-50v9) : Part 13
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You have successfully comprised a server having an IP address of 10.10.0.5. You would like to enumerate all machines in the same network quickly.
What is the best nmap command you will use?
- nmap -T4 -F 10.10.0.0/24
- nmap -T4 -r 10.10.1.0/24
- nmap -T4 -O 10.10.0.0/24
- nmap -T4 -q 10.10.0.0/24
Explanation:
command = nmap -T4 -F
description = This scan is faster than a normal scan because it uses the aggressive timing template and scans fewer ports. -
You have compromised a server on a network and successfully opened a shell. You aimed to identify all operating systems running on the network. However, as you attempt to fingerprint all machines in the network using the nmap syntax below, it is not going through.
312-50 Part 13 Q02 012 What seems to be wrong?
- OS Scan requires root privileges.
- The nmap syntax is wrong.
- This is a common behavior for a corrupted nmap application.
- The outgoing TCP/IP fingerprinting is blocked by the host firewall.
Explanation:
You requested a scan type which requires root privileges. -
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- Sniffers operate on Layer 2 of the OSI model
- Sniffers operate on Layer 3 of the OSI model
- Sniffers operate on both Layer 2 & Layer 3 of the OSI model.
- Sniffers operate on the Layer 1 of the OSI model.
Explanation:
The OSI layer 2 is where packet sniffers collect their data. -
You are logged in as a local admin on a Windows 7 system and you need to launch the Computer Management Console from command line.
Which command would you use?
- c:\compmgmt.msc
- c:\services.msc
- c:\ncpa.cp
- c:\gpedit
Explanation:
To start the Computer Management Console from command line just type compmgmt.msc /computer:computername in your run box or at the command line and it should automatically open the Computer Management console. -
What is the best description of SQL Injection?
- It is an attack used to gain unauthorized access to a database.
- It is an attack used to modify code in an application.
- It is a Man-in-the-Middle attack between your SQL Server and Web App Server.
- It is a Denial of Service Attack.
Explanation:
SQL injection is a code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker). -
Which of the following is the BEST way to defend against network sniffing?
- Using encryption protocols to secure network communications
- Register all machines MAC Address in a Centralized Database
- Restrict Physical Access to Server Rooms hosting Critical Servers
- Use Static IP Address
Explanation:
A way to protect your network traffic from being sniffed is to use encryption such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS). Encryption doesn’t prevent packet sniffers from seeing source and destination information, but it does encrypt the data packet’s payload so that all the sniffer sees is encrypted gibberish. -
You have successfully gained access to a linux server and would like to ensure that the succeeding outgoing traffic from this server will not be caught by a Network Based Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS).
What is the best way to evade the NIDS?
- Encryption
- Protocol Isolation
- Alternate Data Streams
- Out of band signalling
Explanation:
When the NIDS encounters encrypted traffic, the only analysis it can perform is packet level analysis, since the application layer contents are inaccessible. Given that exploits against today’s networks are primarily targeted against network services (application layer entities), packet level analysis ends up doing very little to protect our core business assets. -
You just set up a security system in your network. In what kind of system would you find the following string of characters used as a rule within its configuration?
alert tcp any any -> 192.168.100.0/24 21 (msg: “FTP on the network!”;)
- An Intrusion Detection System
- A firewall IPTable
- A Router IPTable
- FTP Server rule
Explanation:
Snort is an open source network intrusion detection system (NIDS) for networks .
Snort rule example:
This example is a rule with a generator id of 1000001.
alert tcp any any -> any 80 (content:”BOB”; gid:1000001; sid:1; rev:1;) -
What is the benefit of performing an unannounced Penetration Testing?
- The tester will have an actual security posture visibility of the target network.
- Network security would be in a “best state” posture.
- It is best to catch critical infrastructure unpatched.
- The tester could not provide an honest analysis.
Explanation:
Real life attacks will always come without expectation and they will often arrive in ways that are highly creative and very hard to plan for at all. This is, after all, exactly how hackers continue to succeed against network security systems, despite the billions invested in the data protection industry.
A possible solution to this danger is to conduct intermittent “unannounced” penentration tests whose scheduling and occurrence is only known to the hired attackers and upper management staff instead of every security employee, as would be the case with “announced” penetration tests that everyone has planned for in advance. The former may be better at detecting realistic weaknesses. -
You have successfully compromised a machine on the network and found a server that is alive on the same network. You tried to ping it but you didn’t get any response back.
What is happening?
- ICMP could be disabled on the target server.
- The ARP is disabled on the target server.
- TCP/IP doesn’t support ICMP.
- You need to run the ping command with root privileges.
Explanation:
The ping utility is implemented using the ICMP “Echo request” and “Echo reply” messages.
Note: The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is one of the main protocols of the internet protocol suite. It is used by network devices, like routers, to send error messages indicating, for example, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached. -
Under the “Post-attack Phase and Activities”, it is the responsibility of the tester to restore the systems to a pre-test state.
Which of the following activities should not be included in this phase? (see exhibit)
Exhibit:
312-50 Part 13 Q11 013 - III
- IV
- III and IV
- All should be included.
Explanation:
The post-attack phase revolves around returning any modified system(s) to the pretest state. Examples of such activities:
– Removal of any files, tools, exploits, or other test-created objects uploaded to the system during testing
– Removal or reversal of any changes to the registry made during system testing -
It is a regulation that has a set of guidelines, which should be adhered to by anyone who handles any electronic medical data. These guidelines stipulate that all medical practices must ensure that all necessary measures are in place while saving, accessing, and sharing any electronic medical data to keep patient data secure.
Which of the following regulations best matches the description?
- HIPAA
- ISO/IEC 27002
- COBIT
- FISMA
Explanation:
The HIPAA Privacy Rule regulates the use and disclosure of Protected Health Information (PHI) held by “covered entities” (generally, health care clearinghouses, employer sponsored health plans, health insurers, and medical service providers that engage in certain transactions.)[15] By regulation, the Department of Health and Human Services extended the HIPAA privacy rule to independent contractors of covered entities who fit within the definition of “business associates”. -
Which of the following is a component of a risk assessment?
- Administrative safeguards
- Physical security
- DMZ
- Logical interface
Explanation:
Risk assessment include:
– The total process of identifying, measuring, and minimizing uncertain events affecting AIS resources. It includes risk analysis, cost benefit analysis, safeguard selection, security test and evaluation, safeguard implementation, and systems review.
– The total process of identifying, controlling, and eliminating or minimizing uncertain events that may affect system resources. lt includes risk analysis, cost benefit analysis, selection, implementation and test, security evaluation of safeguards, and overall security review. -
A medium-sized healthcare IT business decides to implement a risk management strategy.
Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic responses to risk?
- Delegate
- Avoid
- Mitigate
- Accept
Explanation:
There are five main ways to manage risk: acceptance, avoidance, transference, mitigation or exploitation. -
Your company was hired by a small healthcare provider to perform a technical assessment on the network.
What is the best approach for discovering vulnerabilities on a Windows-based computer?
- Use a scan tool like Nessus
- Use the built-in Windows Update tool
- Check MITRE.org for the latest list of CVE findings
- Create a disk image of a clean Windows installation
Explanation:
Nessus is an open-source network vulnerability scanner that uses the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures architecture for easy cross-linking between compliant security tools.
The Nessus server is currently available for Unix, Linux and FreeBSD. The client is available for Unix- or Windows-based operating systems.
Note: Significant capabilities of Nessus include:
– Compatibility with computers and servers of all sizes.
– Detection of security holes in local or remote hosts.
– Detection of missing security updates and patches.
– Simulated attacks to pinpoint vulnerabilities.
– Execution of security tests in a contained environment.
– Scheduled security audits. -
Nation-state threat actors often discover vulnerabilities and hold on to them until they want to launch a sophisticated attack. The Stuxnet attack was an unprecedented style of attack because it used four types of vulnerability.
What is this style of attack called?
- zero-day
- zero-hour
- zero-sum
- no-day
Explanation:
Stuxnet is a malicious computer worm believed to be a jointly built American-Israeli cyber weapon. Exploiting four zero-day flaws, Stuxnet functions by targeting machines using the Microsoft Windows operating system and networks, then seeking out Siemens Step7 software. -
An attacker changes the profile information of a particular user (victim) on the target website. The attacker uses this string to update the victim’s profile to a text file and then submit the data to the attacker’s database.
<iframe src=”http://www.vulnweb.com/updateif.php” style=”display:none”></iframe>
What is this type of attack (that can use either HTTP GET or HTTP POST) called?
- Cross-Site Request Forgery
- Cross-Site Scripting
- SQL Injection
- Browser Hacking
Explanation:
Cross-site request forgery, also known as one-click attack or session riding and abbreviated as CSRF (sometimes pronounced sea-surf) or XSRF, is a type of malicious exploit of a website where unauthorized commands are transmitted from a user that the website trusts.
Different HTTP request methods, such as GET and POST, have different level of susceptibility to CSRF attacks and require different levels of protection due to their different handling by web browsers. -
It is a vulnerability in GNU’s bash shell, discovered in September of 2014, that gives attackers access to run remote commands on a vulnerable system. The malicious software can take control of an infected machine, launch denial-of-service attacks to disrupt websites, and scan for other vulnerable devices (including routers).
Which of the following vulnerabilities is being described?
- Shellshock
- Rootshock
- Rootshell
- Shellbash
Explanation:
Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, is a family of security bugs in the widely used Unix Bash shell, the first of which was disclosed on 24 September 2014. -
When you return to your desk after a lunch break, you notice a strange email in your inbox. The sender is someone you did business with recently, but the subject line has strange characters in it.
What should you do?
- Forward the message to your company’s security response team and permanently delete the message from your computer.
- Reply to the sender and ask them for more information about the message contents.
- Delete the email and pretend nothing happened
- Forward the message to your supervisor and ask for her opinion on how to handle the situation
Explanation:
By setting up an email address for your users to forward any suspicious email to, the emails can be automatically scanned and replied to, with security incidents created to follow up on any emails with attached malware or links to known bad websites. -
The network administrator contacts you and tells you that she noticed the temperature on the internal wireless router increases by more than 20% during weekend hours when the office was closed. She asks you to investigate the issue because she is busy dealing with a big conference and she doesn’t have time to perform the task.
What tool can you use to view the network traffic being sent and received by the wireless router?
- Wireshark
- Nessus
- Netcat
- Netstat
Explanation:
Wireshark is a Free and open source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education.Incorrect Answers:
B: Nessus is an open-source network vulnerability scanner that uses the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures architecture for easy cross-linking between compliant security tools.
C: Netcat (often abbreviated to nc) is a computer networking utility for reading from and writing to network connections using TCP or UDP.
D: Netstat provides network statistics.
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